A court on Wednesday ordered the Dutch government to draw up a plan to protect residents on the tiny Caribbean island of Bonaire from the devastating effects of climate change — a sweeping victory for the islanders.

The Hague District Court, in a stunning rebuke of Dutch authorities, also ruled that the government discriminated against the island’s 20,000 inhabitants by not taking “timely and appropriate measures” to protect them from climate change before it’s too late.

“The island already suffers from flooding due to tropical storms and extreme rainfall, and according to several researchers, this will worsen in the coming years. Even conservative forecasts predict that parts of the island will be underwater by 2050, so in 25 years,” Judge Jerzy Luiten told a packed courtroom.

The court gave the Netherlands 18 months to set up a legally binding plan to reduce greenhouse gas ​emissions to net zero by 2050, as agreed in international treaties.

The case brought by eight Bonaire residents, and backed by environmental group Greenpeace, sought to compel the government to better shield its citizens from the effects of increasing temperatures and rising sea levels and could set a precedent for similar legal challenges elsewhere.

“The judges heard us,” said one of the residents, Jackie Bernabela.

“We are no longer second-class citizens. Equality. I am very happy,” she said in the courtroom as she wiped tears from her eyes.

There was no immediate reaction from the government to the 90-page written ruling. The government can appeal the decision.

Greenpeace Netherlands director Marieke Vellekoop said in a statement beforehand that “it would be a victory of historic significance, should the court ruling force the State to take concrete measures to protect people from extreme weather and other consequences of the climate crisis.”

The case was heard in The Hague because Bonaire, along with two other islands, St. Eustatius and Saba, became special Dutch municipalities in 2010. The island’s 20,000 residents are Dutch citizens based on their colonial history.

How Netherlands argued against Bonaire residents

Lawyers for the government argued that the Netherlands is already making strides to combat climate change, citing greenhouse gas reductions and mitigation efforts. Government lawyer Edward Brans said the issue should be handled by national administrations and not judges.

But the court ruled that government efforts weren’t enough, saying a target to reduce emissions by 55 per cent by 2030 compared to 1990 levels wasn’t binding and didn’t fully include emissions from air and sea transport. The court also said that the Netherlands was “highly unlikely” to meet its 2030 target.